Ukususwa Kwekhabhoni Okusebenzayo Okusebenzayo: Kungani Khetha Izihlungi Zekhandlela Ku-Vithy

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ibonakala ngemvelo yayo enezimbotshana, eyivumela ukuthi ibambe ukungcola kwe-organic ngempumelelo. Amasayizi wembotshana kukhabhoni ecushiwe angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ama-micropores, ama-mesopores, nama-macropores. Ukusatshalaliswa kwalawa masayizi wezimbotshana kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokwenza kusebenze kanye nokokusebenza komthombo, okungaba nomthelela kumakhono okukhangisa kwekhabhoni.

Embonini yezemithi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali neyemithi, ikakhulukazi ngenqubo yokususa umbala. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe njenge-adsorption ukuze kukhishwe ama-pigments namadayi angafuneki, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukukhanga okubonakalayo kanye nekhwalithi iyonke yemikhiqizo. Inqubo yokwenza kusebenze okushisayo ikhabhoni ecushiwe edlula kuyo iyiguqule ibe into emboboze kakhulu enamandla adsorption ehlukile, iyenze ibe ilungele ukuqeda ukungcola nezinto ezingafuneki.

Ngokuthuthukisa ukubukeka nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yemithi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukudayiswa kwayo kodwa futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile ezidingekayo ukuze isebenze kahle nokuphepha.

II. Isetshenziselwani Ikhabhoni Ecushiwe?

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iyinto eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ze-adsorption. Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile:

Ukudla Nesiphuzo:
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda ama-syrups, amajusi, namafutha. Isusa ngokuphumelelayo imibala engadingeki nokungcola, iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lubalulekile ekugcineni ukukhanga kobuhle nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yokudla.

Ezemithi:
Embonini yezemithi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni okuphakathi kanye nemikhiqizo yokugcina. Ikhangisa ngempumelelo ama-molecule e-organic angafuneki, ithuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwemithi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwemithi yekhwalithi ephezulu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokulawula.

Amakhemikhali Akhethekile:
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe isetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nemikhiqizo yokugcina emkhakheni wamakhemikhali akhethekile. Ikhono layo lokususa ukungcola liqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali, okwenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.

Izicelo Zemvelo:
Njengoba isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi nasekuhlanzeni umoya, ikhabhoni ecushiwe isusa kahle ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungcola. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile kusiza ekuhlangabezaneni nemithethonqubo yemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lamanzi akhishiwe.
III. Indlela Yokukhipha Ikhabhoni Ecushiwe?

Ukukhipha ikhabhoni ecushiwe ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuhlunga. Nazi izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokususa ikhabhoni ecushiwe, okuhlanganisa i-granular activated carbon (GAC) kanye ne-powdered activated carbon (PAC):

1. Cindezela Isihlungi
Ukucindezela okokuhlungakuyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokukhipha ikhabhoni ecushiwe emifudlaneni yamanzi angcolile. Lesi sisetshenziswa sithwebula kokubili i-GAC ne-PAC, sisebenzisa isihlungi esiqinile ukuze sithwebule i-PAC ngenxa yosayizi wayo wezinhlayiyana ezincane. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwekhabhoni ecushiwe oketshezini, kugcina ikhwalithi yezinto ezilashwayo.

2. I-Centrifugation kanye ne-Decantation
I-Centrifugationkungenye indlela ephumelelayo yokukhipha uthuli lwekhabhoni olucushiwe ezixazululweni. Ngokuphotha ikhambi ngesivinini esikhulu, izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezicushiwe zihlala phansi. Ngemva kwalokhu,ukususwaisetshenziselwa ukususa ngokucophelela uketshezi olunamandla, ishiya ikhabhoni ehleliwe ngemuva. Le nqubo ingaphindaphindiwe ukuze kuzuzwe isampula ehlanzekile, iyenze ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu.

3. Izindlela Zokuhlukanisa
Ukuze uthole ikhabhoni ecushiwe eyimpuphu, izindlela ezengeziwe zokuhlukanisa zingasetshenziswa, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kweizihlungi zekhandlelafuthii-vacuum ejikelezayoizihlungi. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kahle ekuhlukaniseni ikhabhoni ecushiwe oketshezini, okuvumela ukululama okusebenzayo nokuphinda kusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezahlukene.

IV. Kungani Ushiya Indlela Yokuhluza Ikhabhoni Yendabuko Esebenzayo?

Nakuba ikhabhoni ecushiwe iyasebenza ekususweni umbala nasekuhlanzeni, izindlela zokuhlunga zendabuko zinezihibe ezibalulekile ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokukhishwa kombala, ikhabhoni ecushiwe iba ukungcola okusha okudinga ukususwa nokuhlunga.

Okungalungi Kokuhlunga Kwendabuko Kokuhlukaniswa Kombala

Indlela yokuhlunga ye-decolorization, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa isihlungi sokushicilela, iveza izinselelo ezimbalwa:

Ukususwa Kwe-Slag Mathupha:Le ndlela ngokuvamile idinga ukususwa kodaka okwenziwa ngesandla, okuholela ekuzishintsheni okuphansi, ukusebenza kanzima, umfutho wemisebenzi ephezulu, kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza kahle.

Ubunzima bokuthola ukomisa okufunayo:Ukufinyelela izinga elifiswayo lokoma komkhiqizo omanzi oqoqiwe kuyinselele, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okungaba khona.

Ukunakekela Kaningi:Iqoqo ngalinye lidinga ukusebenza kokukhipha ikhabhoni, okudinga ukuvuleka njalo kwesivalo semishini. Lokhu kwandisa izindleko zokulungisa ngenxa yokuguga kanye nokudabula kulayini we-flange ongenamanzi.

Izindleko Eziphakeme Zabasebenzi Nezokuchithwa:Isidingo sokusebenza kwesandla sokukhishwa kwekhekhe nokuhlanza phakathi kwamaqoqo kuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokusebenza nezokulungisa. Ukwengeza, ukulahlwa kwezinto zokuhlunga ezisetshenzisiwe nezingcolile kungaba yindleko futhi kubangela ubungozi kubaqhubi kanye nemvelo ngenxa yokuchayeka kuzincibilikisi ezinobuthi neziyingozi kanye nezinto eziqinile.

Kafushane, izindlela zomdabu zokuhlunga ikhabhoni ezicushiwe ziletha izinselelo eziningi ezingafaka ebucayini ukusebenza kahle, kwenyuse izindleko, futhi kube nomthelela omubi kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Njengoba izimboni zithuthuka, kunesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zokuhlunga ezisebenza ngempumelelo nezizenzakalelayo ezingabhekana nalezi zinkinga.

V. Kungani Khetha Izihlungi zekhandlela le-Vithy ukuze Ususe Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo?

U-Vithy ungomunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili bezihlungi zamakhandlela e-China, onokuhlangenwe nakho okungaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi ekukhiqizeni izihlungi zamakhandlela zekhwalithi ephezulu. U-Vithy uthole amalungelo obunikazi ayisikhombisa okuhlunga amakhandlela futhi unikeze ngempumelelo izihlungi zamakhandlela zokususwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe emazweni afana ne-China, i-United States, ne-South Korea, emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali, imithi, ukudla, imfucuza namanzi ajikelezayo, ugesi wezimoto, namaminerali.

Izihlungi zekhandlela ze-Vithy ziyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokususa ikhabhoni ecushiwe ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukunemba kokuhlunga okuphezulu. Umgomo weukuhlunga ikhekheiwumgogodla wokusebenza kwezihlungi zamakhandlela.

Isimiso Sokuhlunga Ikhekhe
Lapho i-slurry idlula ku-media yokuhlunga, iqala yakha ibhuloho ebusweni besici sokuhlunga. Lesi sendlalelo sokuqala sithwebula izinhlayiya ezimisiwe nokungcola, kancane kancane kunqwabelana kube ikhekhe lokuhlunga. Njengoba ikhekhe lakha, linqamula ngokuqhubekayo izinhlayiya ezilandelayo, okwandisa ubukhulu bongqimba lwekhekhe. Le nqubo yokuhlunga, eyaziwa ngokuthiukuhlunga ikhekhe, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuhlunga futhi inciphise ubungozi bezinhlayiya zekhabhoni ecushiwe ezidlulayo, ezingafaka engcupheni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.