I-Shanghai Vithy isingathe Ngempumelelo I-China International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024: I-Insights and Filtration Applications

I.Isingeniso

Imboni ye-nickel ne-cobalt iyingxenye ebalulekile yomkhakha we-non-ferrous, ithola ukukhula okuhle eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba izinguquko zemvelo, ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, zithatha indawo enkulu, i-nickel idlala indima ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile, ikakhulukazi kumabhethri wamandla amasha. Kodwa-ke, imboni ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukushoda kwasekhaya kwezinsiza ze-nickel ne-cobalt, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo emakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-nickel ne-cobalt, ukuncintisana okwandayo embonini, kanye nokusabalala kwezithiyo zokuhwebelana emhlabeni jikelele.

 

Namuhla, ukushintshela kumandla anekhabhoni ephansi sekugxilwe kuwo umhlaba wonke, kudonsela ukunaka okukhulayo ezinsimbi ezibalulekile njenge-nickel ne-cobalt. Njengoba isimo semboni ye-nickel ne-cobalt yomhlaba wonke sithuthuka ngokushesha, umthelela wezinqubomgomo ezivela emazweni aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika emkhakheni omusha wamandla uya ngokuya ubonakala. I-China International Nickel & Cobalt Industry Forum 2024 ibibanjwe kusukela mhla zingama-29 kuya zingama-31 kuMfumfu eNanchang, eSifundazweni saseJiangxi, eChina. Lesi sithangami sihlose ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokuhlelekile embonini yomhlaba wonke ye-nickel ne-cobalt ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okubanzi nokusebenzisana phakathi nomcimbi. Njengomphathi ngokubambisana wale ngqungquthela, i-Shanghai Vithy Filter System Co., Ltd. iyakuthokozela ukwabelana ngemininingwane nokwethula izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlunga ezifanele embonini.

 

 

II. Imininingwane evela ku-Nickel and Cobalt Forum

 

1.I-Nickel ne-Cobalt Lithium Insights

(1) Cobalt: Ukwenyuka kwakamuva kwezintengo zethusi neze-nickel kuholele ekutshalweni kwezimali okukhushuliwe kanye nokukhululwa kwamandla, okubangele ukutholakala ngokweqile kwesikhathi esifushane kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-cobalt. Umbono wezintengo ze-cobalt usalokhu ungenathemba, futhi kufanele kwenziwe amalungiselelo okwehla okungenzeka eminyakeni ezayo. Ngo-2024, ukunikezwa kwe-cobalt emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule isidingo ngamathani angu-43,000, kanye nensalela elindelekile engaphezu kwamathani angu-50,000 ngo-2025. Lokhu kugcwala ngokweqile kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhula komthamo ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, okugqugquzelwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yethusi ne-nickel kusukela ngo-2020 amaphrojekthi eDemocratic Republic. iCongo kanye namaphrojekthi we-nickel hydrometallurgical e-Indonesia. Ngenxa yalokho, i-cobalt ikhiqizwa ngobuningi njenge-byproduct.

 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyele esimweni esihle ngo-2024, ngezinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka lika-10.6%, eliqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukululama kwesidingo se-3C (ikhompyutha, ukuxhumana, kanye nogesi wabathengi) kanye nokwenyuka kwengxenye yamabhethri e-nickel-cobalt ternary. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kufinyelele ku-3.4% ngo-2025 ngenxa yoshintsho emzileni wezobuchwepheshe wamabhethri ezimoto zamandla amasha, okuholela ekugcwaleni ngokweqile kwe-cobalt sulfate nokuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinkampani. Igebe lentengo phakathi kukasawoti we-cobalt we-metallic kanye ne-cobalt liyakhula, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwe-cobalt yensimbi yasekhaya kukhula ngokushesha kuya kumathani angama-21,000, amathani angama-42,000, namathani angama-60,000 ngo-2023, 2024, no-2025, ngokulandelana, afinyelela umthamo wama-75,000. Ukusatshalaliswa ngokweqile kuyasuka kusawoti we-cobalt kuya ku-metallic cobalt, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokwehla kwentengo ngokuzayo. Izici ezibalulekile okufanele zibukwe embonini ye-cobalt zifaka umthelela we-geopolitical ekuhlinzekweni kwezinsiza, ukuphazamiseka kwezokuthutha okuthinta ukutholakala kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukumiswa kokukhiqizwa kumaphrojekthi we-nickel hydrometallurgical, kanye namanani aphansi e-cobalt akhuthaza ukusetshenziswa. Igebe lentengo eleqile phakathi kwe-cobalt metal ne-cobalt sulfate kulindeleke ukuba libe ngokwejwayelekile, futhi amanani aphansi e-cobalt angase akhulise ukusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ekhula ngokushesha njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ama-drones, namarobhothi, okuphakamisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lemboni ye-cobalt.

 

 

(2)I-Lithium: Esikhathini esifushane, i-lithium carbonate ingase ithole ukukhuphuka kwentengo ngenxa yesimo somnotho omkhulu, kodwa amandla okukhuphuka akhawulelwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsiza ze-lithium emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.38 e-LCE ngo-2024, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngama-25%, kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.61 e-LCE ngo-2025, okuwukunyuka okungu-11%. I-Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi ifake isandla cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokukhula okukhuphukayo ngo-2024, okunokwenyuka okungaba ngamathani angama-80,000 e-LCE. Ngokwesifunda, izimayini ze-lithium zase-Australia kulindeleke ukuthi zikhiqize amathani angaba ngu-444,000 e-LCE ngo-2024, ngokunyuka kwamathani angu-32,000 e-LCE, kuyilapho i-Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize amathani ayi-140,000 e-LCE ngo-2024, okungenzeka ifinyelele amathani angu-220,000 e-LCE eseNingizimu Melika, nokukhiqizwa kwe-Lithium up 2020 eNingizimu Melika. amanani angu-20-25% alindeleke emachibini anosawoti ngo-2024-2025. E-China, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsiza ze-lithium kulinganiselwa cishe kumathani angama-325,000 e-LCE ngo-2024, okuwukukhuphuka konyaka ngama-37%, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele amathani angama-415,000 e-LCE ngo-2025, ukukhula kwehle kuye ku-28%. Ngo-2025, amachibi anosawoti angase adlule i-lithium mica njengomthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokutholakala kwe-lithium ezweni. Ibhalansi yesidingo sokuhlinzeka kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula isuka kumathani ayi-130,000 iye kumathani angama-200,000 bese ifinyelela kumathani angama-250,000 e-LCE ukusuka ku-2023 kuya ku-2025, ngokuncipha okukhulu kwemali enqwabelene okulindeleke ngo-2027.

 

Izindleko zezinsiza ze-lithium zomhlaba zibalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: amachibi anosawoti < izimayini ze-lithium zaphesheya < izimayini zasekhaya ze-mica < recycling. Ngenxa yokuhlobana okuseduze phakathi kwezintengo zikadoti nezintengo ezikhona, izindleko zincike kakhulu kumpushana omnyama okhuphuka nomfula nezintengo zebhethri esetshenzisiwe. Ngo-2024, isidingo sikasawoti we-lithium emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi sibe cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.18-1.20 e-LCE, nejika elihambisanayo lezindleko lika-76,000-80,000 yuan/ton. Izindleko zamaphesenti angama-80 zilinganiselwa ku-70,000 yuan/ton, ikakhulukazi eziqhutshwa izimayini zasekhaya ze-mica ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izimayini ze-lithium zase-Afrika, kanye nezinye izimayini zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ezinye izinkampani zimise ukukhiqiza ngenxa yokwehla kwentengo, futhi uma amanani enyuka ngaphezu kwama-yuan angama-80,000, lezi zinkampani zingase ziqale kabusha ukukhiqiza ngokushesha, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwengcindezi yokuhlinzeka. Nakuba amanye amaphrojekthi wezinsiza ze-lithium aphesheya kwezilwandle eqhubeka kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe, ukuthambekela okuphelele kusalokhu kunwetshwa okuqhubekayo, futhi isimo sokugcwala ngokweqile komhlaba wonke asikahlehliswa, njengoba inani eliphezulu lempahla yasekhaya liqhubeka nokuphoqa amandla okuphinda abuyele emuva.

 

2. I-Market Communication Insights

Amashejuli okukhiqiza kaNovemba abuyekeziwe akhuphukela phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namaholide angemva kuka-Okthoba, ngokuhlukaniswa okuthile ekukhiqizeni phakathi kwezimboni ze-lithium iron phosphate. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili be-lithium iron phosphate bagcina ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, kuyilapho amabhizinisi e-ternary abone ukwehla kancane ekukhiqizeni cishe ngo-15%. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukuthengiswa kwe-lithium cobalt oxide neminye imikhiqizo kuye kwaphinde kwavela, futhi imiyalo ayizange ibonise ukwehla okuphawulekayo, okuholela ekubukeni okuphelele kokufunwa kwabakhiqizi bezinto zasekhaya ze-cathode ngoNovemba.

 

Ukuvumelana kwemakethe ezansi kwamanani e-lithium cishe ku-65,000 yuan/ton, nebanga eliphezulu lika-85,000-100,000 yuan/ton. Amandla aphansi ezintengo ze-lithium carbonate abonakala anomkhawulo. Njengoba amanani ehla, ukuzimisela kwemakethe ukuthenga izimpahla ezikhona kuyenyuka. Ngokusetshenziswa kwanyanga zonke kwamathani angu-70,000-80,000 kanye nenani eliyinsalela elingamathani angama-30,000, ukuba khona kwabadayisi nabathengisi abaningi bakusasa kwenza kube lula ukugaya lokhu kusala. Ukwengeza, ngaphansi kwezimo zomnotho omkhulu onethemba elilinganiselwe, ukungabi nathemba ngokweqile akwenzeki.

 

 

Ubuthakathaka bamuva nje ku-nickel kudalwe ukuthi ama-quota e-RKAB ka-2024 angasetshenziswa kuphela ekupheleni konyaka, futhi noma yimaphi ama-quota angasetshenziswanga angeke adluliselwe onyakeni ozayo. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba, ukunikezwa kwe-nickel ore kulindeleke ukuthi kudambe, kodwa amaphrojekthi amasha e-pyrometallurgical kanye ne-hydrometallurgical azofika ku-inthanethi, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza isimo sokuhlinzekwa okukhululekile. Ngokuhambisana nezintengo ze-LME ezisezingeni eliphansi zakamuva, amaphrimiyamu ensimbi ye-nickel awakakakhuli ngenxa yokwehliswa kokuhlinzeka, futhi amaphrimiyamu aye ehla.

 

Mayelana nezingxoxo zenkontileka zesikhathi eside zonyaka ozayo, ngamanani e-nickel, i-cobalt, ne-lithium konke kusezingeni eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, abakhiqizi be-cathode ngokuvamile babika ukungezwani kwizaphulelo zenkontileka zesikhathi eside. Abakhiqizi bebhethri bayaqhubeka nokubeka "imisebenzi engenakufezwa" kubakhiqizi be-cathode, ngezaphulelo zikasawoti we-lithium ku-90%, kuyilapho impendulo evela kubakhiqizi bakasawoti we-lithium ibonisa ukuthi izaphulelo zivame kakhulu kuma-98-99%. Kulawa mazinga entengo aphansi kakhulu, izimo zengqondo zabadlali abakhuphuka nomfula kanye nabaphansi bazolile uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, ngaphandle kokweqisa kwe-bearish. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ku-nickel ne-cobalt, lapho isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo zokuncibilikisa i-nickel sikhula, futhi ukuthengiswa kwangaphandle kwe-MHP (I-Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate) kugxile kakhulu, okubanika amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana. Ngamanani aphansi amanje, abahlinzeki abakhuphuka nomfula bakhetha ukungadayisi, kuyilapho becabanga ukuqala ukucaphuna lapho i-nickel ye-LME ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-16,000. Abahwebi babika ukuthi isaphulelo se-MHP sonyaka ozayo singu-81, futhi abakhiqizi be-nickel sulfate basasebenza ngokulahlekelwa. Ngo-2024, izindleko ze-nickel sulfate zingase zikhuphuke ngenxa yamanani aphezulu wezinto ezingavuthiwe (udoti kanye ne-MHP).

 

3. Ukuchezuka Okulindelekile

Ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kwesidingo phakathi nenkathi "yeGolden September kanye neSilver October" kungase kungabi phezulu njengenkathi "ye-Golden March kanye neSilver April" ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kodwa ukuphela komsila wesizini ephakeme kaNovemba kuthatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindelwe. Inqubomgomo yasekhaya yokushintsha izimoto zikagesi ezindala nezintsha, kanye nemiyalo evela kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okugcina aphesheya kwezilwandle, inikeze ukusekelwa okubili kokuphela komsila wesidingo se-lithium carbonate, kanti isidingo se-lithium hydroxide sihlala sibuthakathaka. Nokho, kudingeka ukuqapha mayelana nezinguquko kuma-oda amabhethri kagesi ngemva kwamaphakathi no-November.

 

 

I-Pilbara ne-MRL, ezinengxenye ephezulu yokuthengiswa kwemakethe yamahhala, bakhiphe imibiko yabo ye-Q3 2024, ebonisa izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko kanye neziqondiso ezincishisiwe zokukhiqiza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uPilbara uhlela ukuvala iphrojekthi yeNgungaju ngoDisemba 1, ebeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yasePilgan. Phakathi nomjikelezo wokugcina ophelele wezintengo ze-lithium kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2020, iphrojekthi ye-Altura yethulwa ngo-Okthoba 2018 futhi yayeka ukusebenza ngo-Okthoba 2020 ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhamba kwemali. UPilbara wathola i-Altura ngo-2021 futhi wayiqamba le phrojekthi ngokuthi Ngungaju, ehlela ukuyiqala kabusha ngezigaba. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokusebenza, manje sesizovalwa ukuze silungiswe. Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphakeme, lesi sinqumo sibonisa ukwehla kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko ngokuqhathaniswa nenani eliphansi le-lithium elimisiwe. Ibhalansi phakathi kwamanani e-lithium nokunikezwayo ishintshile buthule, futhi ukugcina ukusetshenziswa endaweni yentengo kuwumphumela wokulinganisa okuhle nokubi.

 

4. Isexwayiso Ngobungozi

Ukuqhubeka nokukhula okungalindelekile ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwezimoto zamandla amasha, ukusikeka okungalindelekile kokukhiqizwa kwezimayini, kanye nezigameko zemvelo.

 

III. Izicelo ze-Nickel ne-Cobalt

I-Nickel ne-cobalt inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezindawo ezibalulekile zohlelo lokusebenza:

 

1.Ukukhiqiza Ibhethri

 

(1) Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion: I-nickel ne-cobalt yizingxenye ezibalulekile zezinto ze-cathode kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi (EVs) kanye namadivayisi aphathekayo kagesi afana nama-smartphone namalaptop.

(2)Amabhethri Esifundazwe Esiqinile: Izinto ze-nickel ne-cobalt nazo zinokusebenza okungenzeka kumabhethri esimo esiqinile, okuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla nokuphepha.

 

 

2. Ukukhiqiza Ingxubevange

 

(1) Insimbi engagqwali: I-Nickel iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni insimbi engagqwali, ethuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala namandla.

(2)High-Temperature Alloys: Ama-alloys e-nickel-cobalt asetshenziswa ku-aerospace nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezishisa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwazo okuhle kakhulu namandla.

 

3. Ama-Catalysts

Ama-Chemical Catalysts: I-nickel ne-cobalt zisebenza njengezisusa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuthile, kusetshenziswe ekucwengeni kwe-petroleum kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali.

 

4. I-Electroplating

Imboni ye-Electroplating: I-Nickel isetshenziswa ku-electroplating ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nobuhle bendawo yensimbi, isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni, ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, nasemikhiqizweni kagesi.

 

5. Izinto Zezibuthe

Ozibuthe Abahlala Phakade: I-Cobalt isetshenziselwa ukwenza omagnethi basebenza kakhulu abasebenza kakhulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu kumamotho, amajeneretha, nezinzwa.

 

6. Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha

Imishini Yezokwelapha: Ama-alloys e-nickel-cobalt asetshenziswa emishinini ethile yezokwelapha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuvumelana kwezinto eziphilayo.

 

7. Amandla Amasha

I-Hydrogen Amandla: I-nickel ne-cobalt zisebenza njengezisusa kubuchwepheshe bamandla e-hydrogen, zenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen.

 

IV. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezihlungi Zokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Solid-Liquid ku-Nickel kanye ne-Cobalt Processing

Izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-nickel ne-cobalt, ikakhulukazi kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

 

1.I-Ore Processing

(1) Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambili: Phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokucutshungulwa kwe-nickel kanye ne-cobalt ores, izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola nomswakama ore, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokukhipha okulandelayo.

(2)Ukugxila: Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile bungagxilisa izinsimbi ezibalulekile kusuka ku-ore, kunciphise umthwalo ekuqhubekeleni phambili kokucubungula.

 

2. Leaching Process

(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Leachate: Enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-nickel ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zisetshenziswa ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-leachate kumaminerali aqinile angancibilikisiwe, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuphumelelayo kwezinsimbi ezikhishiwe esigabeni soketshezi.

(2)Ukuthuthukisa Amazinga Okubuyisela: Ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile koketshezi oluqinile kungathuthukisa amanani okuthola kabusha kwe-nickel ne-cobalt, kunciphise udoti wensiza.

3. Inqubo yokuwina ugesi

(1) Ukwelashwa nge-Electrolyte: Ngesikhathi se-electrowinning ye-nickel ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-electrolyte, ukususa ukungcola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwenqubo ye-electrowinning kanye nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo.

(2)Ukwelapha Udaka: I-sludge ekhiqizwa ngemva kwe-electrowinning ingacutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile ukuze kubuyiselwe izinsimbi ezibalulekile.

 

4. Ukwelapha Amanzi Angcolile

(1) Ukuthobela Imvelo: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-nickel ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zingasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile, zisuse izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nokungcola ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemithetho yemvelo.

(2)Ukutholwa Kwensiza: Ngokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, izinsimbi eziwusizo zingatholwa, kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.

 

5. Ukucwenga Umkhiqizo

Ukwehlukana Ezinqubweni Zokucwengwa: Ngesikhathi sokucwengwa kwe-nickel ne-cobalt, izihlungi zokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile zisetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa uketshezi lokucwenga ekungcoleni okuqinile, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

 

 

 

6. Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe

Emerging Filtration Technologies: Imboni igxile kubuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlukanisa uketshezi oluqinile, olufana nokuhlunga kwe-membrane kanye ne-ultrafiltration, engathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

 

V. Isingeniso Sezihlungi Ze-Vithy

Emkhakheni wokuhlunga ngokunemba okuphezulu kokuzihlanza, i-Vithy inikeza imikhiqizo elandelayo:

 

1. Isihlungi se-Microporous Cartridge 

lIbanga leMicron: 0.1-100 micron

lHlunga Izinto: Ipulasitiki (UHMWPE/PA/PTFE) i-powder sintered cartridge; metal (SS316L/Titanium) powder sintered cartridge

lIzici: Ukuzihlanza okuzenzakalelayo, ukubuyiswa kwekhekhe lokuhlunga, ukugxila okudaka